La propuesta heideggeriana sobre la destinación técnica del Ser (das Ge-stell) tiene innumerables repercusiones que impactan en el modo de existir contemporáneo; sin embargo, en el último tiempo se ha destacado cierta corriente de pensamiento que pretende delimitar las formas de vida futura: el transhumanismo. Si bien Heidegger nunca se refirió explícitamente a este término, cabe pensar cierta articulación entre ambos, a saber, considerar el transhumanismo como última consecuencia de la destinación técnica del Ser advertida por Heidegger. La presente investigación (...) busca comprender esta relación desde un problema en común: la muerte humana, la cual es abordada de distinta manera por el transhumanismo y por Heidegger. Por lo tanto, se explorarán dos facetas de este asunto capital, mostrando cómo el transhumanismo pretende eliminar la muerte para la humanidad futura, y cómo Heidegger sostiene que resulta necesario salvaguardar la muerte para habitar genuinamente el mundo en medio de la era técnica. (shrink)

Aristote attribue à la poésie la faculté de représenter la réalité par l'intermédiaire du récit: on comprend le monde en le racontant. Cette doctrine a été reçue, modifiée, pliée à de nouvelles exigences au cours des siècles. Comment les préoccupations de l'Antiquité ont-elles survécu à l'âge moderne?

En la filosofía de Heidegger se encuentra un diagnóstico de nuestro tiempo problemático que él llamó das Gestell, es decir, la esencia de la era técnica. Esta esencia es una peligrosa destinación del Ser porque implica olvidar nuestra condición de mortales. Frente a ello, Heidegger tiene una propuesta: serenidad. Por medio de esta actitud se consigue recordar nuestra mortalidad olvidada y recuperar nuestra posición en otra destinación del Ser: das Geviert, es decir, la cuaternidad. En esta destinación necesitamos dejarnos ser (...) lo que esencialmente somos y habitar como mortales sobre la tierra. (shrink)

In the Epistle to the Hebrews the terms σκιά and εἰκών are opposed, and most commentators have focused on the latter term, interpreting it as a Platonic allusion. If we consider in more detail the meanings of σκιά and σκιαγραφία, another interpretation appears more likely. Σκιαγραφία means “shading”, “silhouette” or “outline”, and finally “sketch” or – even better – “preliminary drawing”, “underdrawing”or “sinopia”. The last meaning is well attested in the sources at least since the late second or early third (...) century AD and a number of passages in the Fathers alluding to the Epistle support the same conclusion. The term is common in the technical terminology of painters on wooden tablets and was a widely employed topos with different nuances according to different authors. (shrink)

The medieval experience of the Franciscans is marked by the decision of acting in different societies. In this context the awareness of their presence bring them to focus on the requirements that, by themselves, can legitimize the political authority.If in Scoto legitimacy is exclusively founding by the consensus of the people who voluntarily choose to confer its power to an authority, if in Ockham the legitimacy of power is conditioned by the double principle of circumnstantiality and functional efficency, in Eiximenis (...) the basis of the authority is submit to a double temperament. First of all the authority can never be considered as an exercise of plenitudo potestatis due to a constitutional principle: the ruler of a community derives his power not only from the consensus but from an agreed pact in which is clearly fixed circles and ends of his action. The second one regards the co-essential condition of the legitimacy: the power of the ruler has a strictly functional justification. This kind of authority must ensure not only the classicals peace and justice, it has to become an engine of the process looking for the “millor estament de la cosa pública”, for the economic emprovement of the subjects belonging to the political communitiy, but also of those who could enter in it by a specific and very well circunscribed pathways of integration. (shrink)

The article aims at describing an alternative way to the Foucaldian escape of sovereignty. According to Foucault the only chance to reach this goal is to “go beyond” this concept as well as of linked concepts such as “law” and “institution”. On the one hand this vision is affected by the erroneous identification of law with the order of the sovereign, while the original private dimension of law is totally neglected. On the other hand, Foucault cannot assume that it is (...) also possible to delegitimize sovereignty with the very tools of law, namely in a trial. The article deals with the case of the «mutilated sovereignty» of the Italian State which has been acknowledged by a court in 2006. The government has been compensated for the damages suffered by the State because of the illegal activity in a region. The sovereignty has been “estimated”. But estimating something unquantifiable like sovereignty is destroying its symbolic force. (shrink)

[The Soul Chariot Allegory in Plato and the Kaṭha Upaniṣad].

Le but de cet ouvrage est de montrer la teneur philosophique unitaire de la pensée critique de Diderot par delà le caractère éclaté et dispersé de son œuvre. Diderot philosophe est présenté comme un penseur critique et systématique, c'est-à-dire un philosophe dont la réflexion, d'une part, s'inscrit dans le cadre du courant de pensée moderne qui vise à dépasser les perspectives du « premier regard géomètre de la raison », celui de Descartes, de Malebranche et des post-cartésiens. D'autre part, elle (...) atteint un « second regard critique », plus profond, jeté sur le monde de la nature et surtout, sur lui-même (une philosophie de l'aperception : Spinoza, Wolff, les Moralistes anglais et Kant), qui se rattache intimement à un matérialisme biologique tout à fait original, issu de la confrontation de Diderot avec les naturalistes et les médecins de son temps. C'est ce matérialisme élaboré dans l'usine encyclopédique qui met en cause la notion clé d'« individualité naturelle » (jouée en couplet avec une « communauté du désir ») - néologisme dont Le Neveu de Rameau et Le Rêve de D'Alembert développeront les tenants et les aboutissants philosophiques -, et qui témoigne de la nouveauté d'approche propre à cette philosophie, à l'intérieur de la pensée des Lumières européennes. Avec Diderot, c'est une nouvelle figure historique de la philosophie elle-même - celle de la subjectivité individuelle complexe, uni-totalité de penser-sentir-agir - qui monte sur la scène de la modernité, comme étant la substance première, incontournable et insaisissable, de la pensée critique de nos jours. (shrink)

Si tratta di una raccolta di saggi scritti tra il '65 e il '69 e pubblicati una prima volta nel 1971. Rivisti e parzialmente aggiornati vengono riproposti con la vecchia introduzione nella quale l'autore polemizza con le critiche della ragione scientifica che caratterizzarono alcuni aspetti della cultura del '68. Il primo saggio è dedicato al declino della astrologia all'inizio dell'età moderna; sottolineando il divario tra la concezione magica che caratterizza la visione astrologica del mondo e le posizione di quella che (...) sarebbe diventata la scienza, Paolo Rossi rivaluta gli scritti contro l'astrologia di Pico della Mirandola. Dopo un breve scritto su Leonardo, l'autore analizza i rapporti tra pensiero baconiano e cristianesimo. Segue un saggio che riesamina alcuni problemi di interpretazione delle lettere di Galileo a Piero Dini e a Cristina di Lorena. Nei capitoli successivi vengono affrontate varie questioni quali, il passaggio dalla concezione aristotelica a quella moderna, il peso di alcune ipotesi astronomiche e in particolare la crisi dell'antropocentrismo. Gli ultimi due capitoli dedicati a dispute di linguistica e di geologia sono particolarmente interessanti; infatti queste due discipline occupano una posizione anomala nella cultura del seicento. Se a quel tempo esistevano matematici, astronomi, medici, non si può certo parlare di linguisti o geologi propriamente detti, questo fatto rende particolarmente difficile e interessante ricostruire lo sviluppo di concetti appartenenti a branche della scienza che non erano ancora consce della loro autonomia. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Semiotica Heft: Ahead of print.

[Does the gymnosophist’s reply to Alexander’s question on the origin of time indeed reflect an Indian doctrine?] The episode of Alexander’s interview with the gymnosophists has come down to us in several versions, among which the one in Plutarch’s Vita Alexandri is the most renowned. In this connection, the question arises whether the solutions given by the naked philosophers to the puzzles propounded by Alexander can be shown to reflect genuine Indian doctrines. Challenging Dumézil’s reply in the affirmative, the author (...) contends that they cannot. While most questions and answers are scarcely relevant to the investigation, as being of little (if any) philosophical import, the analysis concentrates on the more significant ones, and especially on the solution offered to the question as to which of the two — day or night — came first. According to Dumézil, the gymnosophist’s answer reported by Plutarch, i. e. that the day came first, by one day, reflects the vedic doctrine of the primeval cosmogonic role of Dawn and Light. Against this may be argued in the first place that such doctrine does not enjoy any prominent status in the Vedas themselves — quite to the contrary, it stands up disadvantegeously to many all-important texts, such as the Nāsadīyasūkta, which assign the primeval status to Darkness — and cannot therefore be regarded as being specifically Indian any more than its opposite. Secondly, it is shown that the Greek tradition is at great variance on this very point, to the extent that all logically conceivable solutions (i. e., precedence of day by one day / day by one night / night by one day / night by one night) are represented in some version or other. This inconsistency appears to stem from the fact that no particular doctrine (Indian or whatever) was envisaged; according to the present author, we have reason to believe that the gymnosophist’s reply was rather meant to set off by means of a paradox the sheer impossibility of a solution (all four alternatives being equivalent to that effect). This interpretation is reinforced by the gymnosophist’s own remark confessing the aporetical nature of his reply, and finally by a further recourse to paradox — this time a variant of the well-known “paradox of the liar” — which the author lays bare in the otherwise inexplicable dénouement of the anecdote. (shrink)

La riflessione sulla cosmologia è uno degli aspetti meno noti del pensiero di Agazzi. Tuttavia, benché ne abbia scritto solo in poche occasioni e alcune considerazioni siano state superate dai grandi progressi scientifici nel frattempo intercorsi, altre sue intuizioni appaiono tuttora sorprendentemente attuali e feconde, forse ancor di più di quando furono formulate, come cercherò di mostrare in questo articolo. Su questa base tenterò inoltre di proporre una definizione precisa dell'oggetto proprio della cosmologia scientifica e di chiarire i suoi corretti (...) rapporti con la filosofia della natura e la metafisica. (shrink)

[ES] El artículo es una introducción a un nuevo enfoque para la filosofía de las matemáticas, conocido con el nombre de «la filosofía de la práctica matemática». El nuevo enfoque encontró su expresión en la colección La Filosofía de la Práctica Matemática editada por el autor. El artículo sitúa la «filosofía de la práctica matemática» dentro del contexto de otras tradiciones en la filosofía de las matemáticas y traza las similitudes y diferencias con estas tradiciones. [EN] The article is an (...) introduction to a new approach to the philosophy of mathematics that goes under the name of «the philosophy of mathematical practice». The new approach found its expression in the collection The Philosophy of Mathematical Practice edited by the author. The article situates the «philosophy of mathematical practice» within the context of other traditions in the philosophy of mathematics and outlines the similarities and differences with those traditions. (shrink)

El alcance y la intensidad de las reflexiones filosóficas de Giovanni Piana sobre las artes, y especialmente sobre las vicisitudes del arte del siglo XX en el conjunto de su producción teó-rica no se limitan al proyecto de delinear una filosofía de la música que efectivamente se ha convertido, desde la década de 1990, en el centro de sus intereses teóricos. El arte del siglo XX y sus vanguardias representaron para Piana un argumento lleno de sugestión e interés. El objetivo (...) del artículo es indicar la razón por la cual en el curso de sus estudios Piana siente una creciente necesidad de discutir sobre el arte contemporáneo. Reflexionar sobre el arte del siglo XX, no solo significa arrojar luz sobre los valores expresivos propios de las formas elemen-tales de la experiencia, sino que para Piana también ha significado volver a cuestionar el nexo que junta la estructura material del sonido y, en general, de los materiales de la experiencia con las formas en las que están codificados lingüísticamente. (shrink)

In this paper the author tries to approach the subject of death from a law and ethics perspective. The idea is that modern works in law and ethics that have studied two of the main topics of bio-ethics (euthanasia and organ transplants) still leave unresolved two main problems. The first problem is with the idea many authors have of defending the possibility of active euthanasia and consider it an obvious matter that doctors have to practice this type of euthanasia. But (...) we have good reasons to consider that doctors are the ones that have to abstain from this practice. The second is- sue is with the defense of the possibility of post mortem transplants and how this practice is also considered obvious due to the fact that the person from whom these organs are withdrawn is dead. Here we also have good reasons according to the author for considering that the person from whom these organs are withdrawn is not dead. The author finally tries to establish a link between these two unresolved problems.Resumen:En las siguientes páginas el autor intenta un acercamiento a la cuestión de la muerte desde una perspectiva ética y jurídica. La idea fundamental que guía este trabajo es que la ética y el derecho modernos que se han ocupado de los dos temas bioéticos cruciales relativos al fin de la vida (la eutanasia y el trasplante de órganos) hace que surjan dos problemas de fondo que comúnmente se consideran resueltos y que, de acuerdo con el autor, no lo están. El primero es que algunos estudiosos sostienen la licitud de la eutanasia activa y consideran del todo obvio que sea el médico quien la lleve a cabo. Sin embargo, existen buenas razones para considerar que es precisamente el médico quien debería abstenerse de practicar- la. El segundo es que hay otros que sostienen la licitud de los trasplantes post mortem y consideran también obvio que el sujeto del cual se toman los órganos sea ya un cadáver. En cambio existen buenas razones para considerar que actualmente cuando toman dichos órganos aún no están muertos. El autor sostiene que si así fuera, el tema de los tras- plantes presentaría un insospechado punto de contacto con el de la eutanasia. El desarrollo del trabajo, en primer lugar se detiene en el problema de la eutanasia, posteriormente en el del trasplante de órganos donde se busca finalmente evidenciar el punto de contacto entre las dos problemáticas. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage offre une introduction accessible à la théorie de la démonstration : il donne les détails des preuves et comporte de nombreux exemples et exercices pour faciliter la compréhension des lecteurs. Il est également conçu pour servir d’aide à la lecture des articles fondateurs de Gerhard Gentzen. L’ouvrage introduit également aux trois principaux formalismes en usage : l’approche axiomatique des preuves, la déduction naturelle et le calcul des séquents. Il donne une démonstration claire et détaillée des résultats fondamentaux du (...) domaine : traduction de l’arithmétique classique vers l’arithmétique intuitionniste, élimination des coupures, théorème de normalisation et conduit ensuite pas à pas le lecteur vers l’exposé de la célèbre preuve de cohérence de Gentzen pour l’arithmétique de Peano du premier ordre. Il comble ainsi une importante lacune éditoriale en présentant à la fois la théorie structurelle et la théorie ordinale de la démonstration. (shrink)

On the background of Nespolo’s cinema there are on the one hand the new rules and the new structures assigned by art to itself during the Twentieth Century. On the other hand the “logic of dada”, based on the immediacy of the creation through a gesture of everyday objects presentation. Therefore, by exploring the experimental use of camera and of its technical possibilities, what Nespolo does is avant-gardist cinema in two senses: as an elaboration of visual image that represents surrealistic (...) and improbable worlds; as a way to establish linguistic connections with cultural development of society, as shown by his film about Italian artists of Arte Povera. (shrink)

L’ouverture au public des décisions de justice prévue par les articles 20 et 21 de la loi du 7 octobre 2016 pour une République numérique va favoriser le traitement des données figurant au sein des décisions par des outils automatisés. Cette exploitation ouvre des perspectives nouvelles pour les justiciables et les acteurs du droit, notamment de meilleure compréhension de la justice, de prévisibilité accrue des décisions rendues par les juridictions ou de création de valeur économique 2. Elle implique toutefois l’élaboration (...) de mécanismes de régulation adaptés, dont la construction constitue un défi à relever pour les pouvoirs publics dans un contexte d’évolution extrêmement rapide des technologies et d’internationalisation des acteurs et des flux. (shrink)